Section 10 explained: this guide covers what it means, who it applies to, the step-by-step process, documents required, fees, due dates and penalties in India — so you can stay compliant with confidence and avoid costly mistakes.
Overview
This article provides a detailed explanation of Section 10(23C) under the Income Tax Act, 1961, Income Tax Act, 2025, and applicable Rules. All amendments up to Finance Act 2025 and CBDT Circulars up to March 2026 are incorporated.
Relevant provisions: Section 10(23C).
Legal Framework
Section 10(23C) governs Section 10(23C). Under the Income Tax Act, 1961, these provisions establish the scope, computation method, compliance requirements, and consequences of non-compliance. The new Income Tax Act, 2025 simplifies the language and replaces Previous Year/Assessment Year with the Tax Year concept, while largely maintaining the substantive law.
Applicability
| Taxpayer | Applicable? | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| Salaried Individual | Yes | Standard deduction Rs. 75,000 (new regime) |
| Business/Professional | Yes | Presumptive 44AD/44ADA available |
| Company/LLP/Firm | Yes | 22%/15%/30% rates apply |
| NRI | Yes | Only Indian income; DTAA benefits |
| Investor | Yes | STCG 20%, LTCG 12.5% (equity post-July 2024) |
Detailed Explanation with Examples
Example 1: A taxpayer in Faridabad earning Rs. 15 lakh salary under new regime: Taxable = 15,00,000 - 75,000 (SD) = 14,25,000. Tax on graduated slabs = Rs. 1,48,750 + 4% cess = Rs. 1,54,700. Compare with old regime after claiming 80C (1.5L), 80D (25K), HRA (2.4L) = lower taxable but higher slab rates.
Example 2: A business owner with Rs. 2 crore turnover (95% digital) opts for 44AD: 6% of 1.9 crore + 8% of 10 lakh = Rs. 11,40,000 + Rs. 80,000 = Rs. 12,20,000 presumptive income. No need to maintain books or get tax audit.