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TaxClue / SPECIFIC RELIEF

Specific Relief — Guides, Updates & Practical Insights

Specific performance, injunctions and declaratory relief.

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The complete Specific Relief guide

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SPECIFIC RELIEF · COMPLETE GUIDE

Section 13 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: rights of a purchaser or lessee against a seller with no title or imperfect title

Where a person contracts to sell or let immovable property with no title or only an imperfect title, the purchaser or lessee may (a) compel the vendor to make good the contract out of an interest he later acquires, (b) compel him to procure the concurrence or conveyance of others who are bound to...

Updated 09 Oct 20268 min read✓ Reviewed
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Specific Relief

Sections 1-2 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: short title, extent, commencement and definitions

Section 1 says the Act is called the Specific Relief Act, 1963, extends as printed to the whole of India with one exception named in the text, and came into force on a date fixed by the Central Government by notification. A footnote gives that date as 1 March 1964. Section 2 defines obligation...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Sections 3-4 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: savings and relief only for individual civil rights

Section 3 is a savings clause. Unless the Act says otherwise, nothing in it takes away a right to relief other than specific performance under a contract, and nothing in it affects the Indian Registration Act, 1908 on documents. Section 4 says specific relief is for individual civil rights and...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Sections 5-6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: recovery of immovable property and suit by a person dispossessed

Under section 5, the owner or other person entitled to possession recovers property through the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Under section 6, a person dispossessed without his consent and otherwise than in due course of law may sue to recover possession, notwithstanding any other title set up...

6 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Sections 7-8 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: recovery of specific movable property

Section 7 lets a person entitled to the possession of specific movable property recover it as the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides; a trustee may sue for the beneficiary, and a special or temporary right to present possession is enough. Section 8 says a non-owner in possession or control of a...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Sections 9-11 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: specific performance of contracts, defences and trusts

Section 9 allows the person against whom relief is claimed to plead any ground available under any law relating to contracts. Section 10 (substituted by the 2018 Act) says specific performance of a contract shall be enforced by the court, subject to section 11(2), section 14 and section 16. Section...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Section 12 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: specific performance of part of a contract

The rule is that the court shall not direct specific performance of a part of a contract. Exceptions: where the part left unperformed is only a small proportion in value and admits of compensation in money, the court may order the rest with compensation for the deficiency; where it is a...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Section 14A of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: power of the court to engage experts

In any suit under this Act, where the court considers expert opinion necessary on a specific issue, it may engage one or more experts, direct them to report, and secure their attendance. It can require any person to give information or provide access to documents, goods or property. The report...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Section 15 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: who may obtain specific performance

Except as otherwise provided in Chapter II, specific performance may be obtained by (a) any party, (b) the representative in interest or the principal of a party, subject to a proviso about personal qualities and non-assignment, (c) persons beneficially entitled under a marriage settlement or a...

7 min read09 Oct 2026
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Specific Relief

Section 16 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963: personal bars to relief, readiness and willingness

Specific performance cannot be enforced in favour of a person (a) who has obtained substituted performance under section 20, (b) who has become incapable of performing, violates an essential term, acts in fraud of the contract or wilfully acts at variance with it, or (c) who fails to prove that he...

7 min read09 Oct 2026

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