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Legal · Advocate-Led Debt Recovery

Money Recovery Suit, Filed & Fought by Experienced Advocates

Recover money owed to you through a civil suit — an ordinary suit or a faster summary suit under Order XXXVII CPC where the debt rests on a written contract, bill of exchange or negotiable instrument. Our advocates handle the plaint, court-fee, jurisdiction, limitation, interim attachment, evidence and execution end-to-end. 100% managed, with a transparent fee quoted upfront.

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A money recovery suit is a civil suit to recover a sum of money owed to you. It can be filed as an ordinary suit or — where the debt arises on a written contract, bill of exchange, hundi or promissory note — as a faster summary suit under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, in which the defendant cannot defend as of right but must first seek leave to defend. The claim must be filed within the 3-year limitation period under the Limitation Act, 1963, in the court with the right pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction. Interim attachment before judgment (Order XXXVIII) can secure the amount, and once a decree is passed it is enforced through execution proceedings.
3 yrs
Limitation periodA money recovery suit must generally be filed within 3 years of the debt becoming due, under the Limitation Act, 1963. A written acknowledgement of the debt can extend this period.
Understand It

What Is Money Recovery Suit?

A quick, plain-language explanation before the details.

In simple terms

A money recovery suit is a civil case you file in court to get back money that someone owes you and has not paid, ending in a decree the court can enforce against the debtor.

Legally

It is a suit for recovery of money under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Where the claim arises on a written contract, an enactment, or a negotiable instrument such as a bill of exchange, hundi or promissory note, it may be filed as a summary suit under Order XXXVII, in which the defendant must obtain leave to defend before contesting.

Governing authority

Adjudicated by the civil courts under the CPC, 1908 — or, for commercial disputes above the specified value, by the Commercial Courts under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 following the pre-institution mediation route.

Validity

The right to sue is time-barred after the limitation period — generally 3 years from when the debt fell due under the Limitation Act, 1963. A signed acknowledgement of the debt before expiry starts a fresh period.

Service Intelligence

Quick Facts

Professional Fee
Custom quote
Governing Law
CPC 1908
Limitation
3 years
Fast Track
Order XXXVII (summary)
Forum
Civil / Commercial Court
Interim Relief
Attachment (Order XXXVIII)
Court Fee
Ad valorem on claim
Outcome
Decree & execution
Before You Start

Is This Service Right for You?

Ideal for

  • Businesses chasing unpaid invoices from customers or clients
  • Suppliers and vendors with dues on a written contract
  • Lenders holding a promissory note, hundi or bill of exchange
  • Holders of a bounced cheque who also want the underlying debt recovered
  • Companies with outstanding B2B receivables or commercial dues
  • Individuals who lent money on documented terms and were not repaid

You may need this if

  • A demand or recovery notice has gone unanswered
  • The debt is due on a written contract or negotiable instrument
  • The amount owed is undisputed but simply unpaid
  • You fear the debtor may dispose of assets before you recover
  • The limitation period is approaching and you must file in time
  • You need a court decree to enforce recovery through execution

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Expert-Managed

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End-to-end Money Recovery Suit handled by qualified professionals: documentation, government filing and follow-up, all included.

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Why It Matters

Why File a Money Recovery Suit

When a debtor ignores demands, a recovery suit converts your claim into an enforceable court decree. Here is why it matters.

  1. 01

    Enforceable Decree

    A suit ends in a decree the court can enforce — unlike a demand letter, which the debtor can simply ignore.

  2. 02

    Faster Summary Route

    Where the debt rests on a written contract or negotiable instrument, Order XXXVII CPC gives quicker relief because the defendant needs leave to defend.

  3. 03

    Secure the Money Early

    Attachment before judgment under Order XXXVIII CPC can freeze the debtor’s assets so recovery is not defeated during the case.

  4. 04

    Recover Interest & Costs

    A decree can include contractual or pendente-lite interest and the costs of the suit, not just the principal owed.

  5. 05

    Protect Your Limitation

    Filing within the 3-year limitation period preserves a claim that would otherwise become legally unenforceable.

  6. 06

    Pressure to Settle

    A properly filed suit, especially a summary suit, often brings the debtor to the table for a negotiated settlement.

Transparent

Simple, Transparent Pricing

Custom quote for your case

Fees depend on your business type and scope. Get a clear, itemised quote upfront — no hidden professional charges, government fee billed at actuals.

Eligibility

Who Can Apply?

Companies & LLPs with unpaid receivables
Suppliers, vendors & service providers
Lenders on promissory notes & bills of exchange
Holders of dishonoured cheques
Individuals who lent money on written terms
Firms with commercial / B2B disputes

Eligibility checklist

  • A definite sum of money is due and legally recoverable
  • The claim is within the limitation period (generally 3 years)
  • Documentary proof of the debt — contract, invoice, note or instrument
  • The correct court by pecuniary value and territorial jurisdiction
  • Court fee payable ad valorem on the amount claimed
  • For summary suits, the debt arises on a written contract or negotiable instrument
End-to-End

Everything You Need. One Professional Team.

01

Case Assessment

Review your documents, confirm the debt is recoverable and check the limitation period.

02

Route Selection

Advise whether an ordinary suit, a summary suit (Order XXXVII) or the commercial-suit route fits best.

03

Jurisdiction & Court Fee

Fix the correct pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction and compute the ad valorem court fee.

04

Plaint Drafting

Draft the plaint, cause of action, relief and supporting affidavit precisely.

05

Interim Attachment

Apply for attachment before judgment (Order XXXVIII) to secure the amount where warranted.

06

Filing & Appearance

File the suit, pay court fee and represent you at hearings through our advocates.

07

Evidence & Trial

Lead documentary and oral evidence and argue the matter to decree.

08

Execution

Enforce the decree through execution proceedings — attachment, sale or garnishee.

No Ambiguity

What You’ll Receive

Case assessment & recovery strategy
Correct route (ordinary / summary / commercial)
Advocate-drafted plaint & affidavit
Court-fee computation & filing
Interim attachment application where needed
Representation at hearings
Evidence management through trial
Decree & execution support
Checklist

What Documents Are Required for a Recovery Suit?

Requirements are grouped by proof of debt, correspondence and party details. Keep clear scans (PDF/JPG) ready — everything is collected securely online, and we confirm a checklist matched to your case.

Choose a document group

Proof of Debt

What establishes the amount owed
5 documents
  • Written contract, agreement or purchase order
  • Invoices, bills or statement of account
  • Promissory note, hundi or bill of exchange
  • Ledger extract showing the outstanding balance
  • Dishonoured cheque and bank return memo, if any

Watch the limitation period

A money recovery suit is generally time-barred 3 years after the debt fell due. A signed written acknowledgement of the debt before expiry restarts the clock — file well before the deadline.

Summary suit needs the right document

Order XXXVII applies only where the claim rests on a written contract, an enactment, or a negotiable instrument (bill of exchange, hundi, promissory note). Otherwise an ordinary suit is filed.

Court fee is ad valorem

Court fee is payable as a percentage of the amount claimed under the applicable Court-Fees Act / state schedule. Keep the exact claim figure — principal plus interest — ready.

Send a demand notice first

A recovery / legal notice before suit records the demand, may prompt payment, and strengthens the case. It is not always mandatory but is strongly advisable.

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Transparent Pricing

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Step by Step

How a Money Recovery Suit Works (Step by Step)

From assessment to execution, your case is managed end-to-end by advocates, with status updates throughout.

01

Consultation & Assessment

We review your documents, confirm the debt is recoverable and check that limitation has not expired.

02

Demand Notice

Where not already done, a recovery / legal demand notice is issued to the debtor before filing.

03

Route & Jurisdiction

We select ordinary, summary (Order XXXVII) or commercial suit and fix the correct court and court fee.

04

Plaint Filing

The plaint, affidavit and any attachment application are drafted, court fee paid, and the suit filed.

05

Hearings & Evidence

Summons is served; in a summary suit the defendant seeks leave to defend. Evidence is led and the matter argued.

06

Decree & Execution

On a decree in your favour, we enforce recovery through execution — attachment, sale or garnishee.

How Long It Takes

How Long Does a Recovery Suit Take?

StageExpected Time
Assessment, demand notice & drafting1–3 weeks
Summary suit (Order XXXVII) — leave to defend to decreeFaster than ordinary suit
Ordinary suit — trial to decreeVaries by court & contest

A summary suit under Order XXXVII is generally quicker than an ordinary suit because the defendant cannot defend as of right and must first obtain leave to defend. Actual duration depends on the court, the value of the claim and how heavily the matter is contested — execution of the decree is a further stage.

Compliance Calendar

Key Dates — At a Glance

FrequencyWhat Is Due
On DecreeObtain the certified copy of the decree · Compute the decretal amount with interest & costs · Serve notice of execution on the judgment-debtor
ExecutionFile execution petition in the appropriate court · Seek attachment and sale of the debtor’s property · Garnishee proceedings against the debtor’s bank
If ContestedRespond to objections to execution · Trace and disclose the debtor’s assets · Seek arrest / detention where the law permits
SettlementNegotiate a payment schedule post-decree · Record a compromise / consent terms in court · Close the file on full satisfaction of the decree

Dates are indicative and may change with government notifications. Our team tracks every deadline so you never miss a filing.

Why Outsource

Doing It Yourself vs TaxClue

Doing It Yourself

  • Judge whether the summary-suit route under Order XXXVII applies
  • Fix the correct pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction
  • Compute the ad valorem court fee correctly
  • Draft a plaint, cause of action and affidavit that survive objection
  • Apply for attachment before judgment when assets are at risk
  • Lead documentary and oral evidence through trial
  • Risk dismissal on limitation or a defective plaint

With TaxClue

  • Advocate confirms the correct route and forum
  • Jurisdiction and court fee fixed accurately
  • Plaint and affidavit drafted to withstand scrutiny
  • Interim attachment pursued where the debtor may dissipate assets
  • Leave-to-defend stage contested in summary suits
  • Evidence and hearings handled end-to-end
  • Decree enforced through execution proceedings

Skip the guesswork.

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Avoid Delays

Common Mistakes That Delay Your Application

Filing after the 3-year limitation period has expired
Using an ordinary suit where a faster summary suit was available
Choosing a court that lacks pecuniary or territorial jurisdiction
Paying the wrong court fee and facing a defect notice
A vaguely drafted plaint that omits the cause of action
Not applying for attachment while the debtor moves assets away
Skipping the demand notice that would have recorded the claim
Missing the pre-institution mediation step in commercial disputes

TaxClue reviews your documents before filing to reduce avoidable errors.

Stay Compliant

After the Decree — Enforcing Recovery

On Decree

  • Obtain the certified copy of the decree
  • Compute the decretal amount with interest & costs
  • Serve notice of execution on the judgment-debtor

Execution

  • File execution petition in the appropriate court
  • Seek attachment and sale of the debtor’s property
  • Garnishee proceedings against the debtor’s bank

If Contested

  • Respond to objections to execution
  • Trace and disclose the debtor’s assets
  • Seek arrest / detention where the law permits

Settlement

  • Negotiate a payment schedule post-decree
  • Record a compromise / consent terms in court
  • Close the file on full satisfaction of the decree
Risk Assessment

Penalties & Consequences

What is at stake if you do not comply

  • A suit filed after the 3-year limitation period is dismissed as time-barred
  • A summary suit under Order XXXVII needs a written contract or negotiable instrument
  • Choosing a court that lacks pecuniary or territorial jurisdiction stalls the case
  • Paying the wrong ad valorem court fee triggers a defect notice
  • Not seeking attachment lets the debtor move assets before recovery
Latest Updates

Regulatory Updates 2025–26

  • 2025: Commercial disputes above ₹3 lakh go before Commercial Courts under the Commercial Courts Act 2015, with mandatory pre-institution mediation.
  • 2023: The Mediation Act 2023 provides for pre-litigation mediation and enforcement of mediated settlements.
The Difference

Why Businesses Choose TaxClue

01

Advocate-Led

Experienced litigation advocates draft, file and argue your recovery suit — not a form-filling service.

02

End-to-End

From demand notice and plaint to decree and execution — one team manages the whole matter.

03

Strategy First

We pick the fastest lawful route — summary, ordinary or commercial — for your specific claim.

04

100% Online Intake

Documents and updates over WhatsApp / email; court appearances handled by our advocates.

05

Transparent Fees

A clear professional fee quoted upfront after a scope check — no hidden charges.

06

Recovery Focus

Our goal is money in your hands — we pursue execution, not just a paper decree.

Data Care

Your Documents Deserve Professional Care

  • Documents handled by professionals under confidentiality
  • Access limited to the advocates working on your matter
  • Communication over secure digital channels
  • Documents retained only as long as needed for the case
Talk to a Specialist

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Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a money recovery suit?
It is a civil suit filed in court to recover a definite sum of money that someone owes you and has not paid. It can be an ordinary suit or, where the debt rests on a written contract or negotiable instrument, a faster summary suit under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The suit ends in a decree that the court can enforce through execution.
What is the difference between an ordinary suit and a summary suit?
In an ordinary suit the defendant can contest the claim as of right and the matter goes to a full trial. In a summary suit under Order XXXVII CPC — available where the debt arises on a written contract, an enactment, or a negotiable instrument such as a bill of exchange, hundi or promissory note — the defendant cannot defend as of right and must first apply for leave to defend, which gives the plaintiff faster relief.
What is the limitation period to file a recovery suit?
Generally 3 years from the date the debt became due, under the Limitation Act, 1963. If the debtor gives a signed written acknowledgement of the debt before the period expires, a fresh 3-year period starts from that acknowledgement. A suit filed after limitation is liable to be dismissed as time-barred.
When can I file a summary suit under Order XXXVII?
A summary suit is available where the claim is for a liquidated (fixed) sum of money arising on a written contract, on an enactment, or on a negotiable instrument such as a bill of exchange, hundi or promissory note. If your claim does not fit these categories, an ordinary suit is filed instead.
In which court do I file the suit?
The court is decided by pecuniary jurisdiction (the value of the claim) and territorial jurisdiction (usually where the defendant resides or works, or where the cause of action arose). For commercial disputes above the specified value, the suit goes before a Commercial Court after pre-institution mediation. We fix the correct forum for your case.
How much court fee do I pay?
Court fee is payable ad valorem — as a percentage of the amount you claim (principal plus interest) — under the applicable Court-Fees Act and the state schedule. The exact amount depends on the claim value and the state where you file.
Can I secure the money before the case is decided?
Yes. If you can show the debtor is likely to dispose of or remove assets to defeat a decree, the court can order attachment before judgment under Order XXXVIII CPC, freezing the assets during the suit so recovery is not defeated.
Do I need to send a legal notice before filing?
A recovery or legal demand notice before suit is strongly advisable — it records the demand, sometimes prompts payment, and strengthens your case — though it is not always strictly mandatory. For commercial disputes, pre-institution mediation under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 is generally required before filing.
What happens after I get a decree?
A decree is enforced through execution proceedings. You file an execution petition and the court can order attachment and sale of the debtor’s property, garnishee action against the debtor’s bank, or other measures permitted by law until the decretal amount, interest and costs are recovered.
Can I recover interest and legal costs as well?
Yes. A decree can include contractual interest, pendente-lite and future interest as the court allows, and the costs of the suit — so recovery is not limited to the principal sum owed.
Is a recovery suit the same as a cheque bounce case?
No. A cheque bounce case under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act is a separate, criminal-in-nature proceeding for dishonour of a cheque. A recovery suit is a civil action to recover the underlying debt. Where a cheque has bounced you can often pursue both — a Section 138 complaint and a civil recovery / summary suit for the money.
How is a commercial recovery dispute different?
Where the claim arises from a commercial transaction and exceeds the specified value, it is filed as a commercial suit before a Commercial Court under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, which requires pre-institution mediation and follows a stricter, time-bound procedure. We advise whether your claim takes the commercial route.
How do I file a recovery suit to recover money owed to me?
You file a plaint in the court with the correct pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction, on payment of ad valorem court fee, setting out the debt, the cause of action and the amount claimed with interest. Where the debt rests on a written contract, an enactment or a negotiable instrument, it can be filed as a faster summary suit under Order XXXVII of the CPC. A demand notice is usually sent first, and the suit ends in a decree enforceable through execution.
What documents are required to file a money recovery suit?
You need proof of the debt — the written contract, agreement or purchase order, invoices, bills or statement of account, any promissory note, hundi or bill of exchange, and a ledger extract showing the outstanding balance. You should also keep the demand or legal notice sent, any reply or part-payment received, correspondence acknowledging the debt, and identity and authority documents of the claimant.
What is the court fee and how is the amount claimed calculated?
Court fee on a recovery suit is generally ad valorem — a percentage of the amount claimed under the applicable state Court-Fees schedule. The amount claimed is normally the principal debt plus contractual or agreed interest up to the date of suit; further pendente-lite and future interest can be sought in the prayer for the court to award.
Can I recover money if there is no written agreement, only invoices?
Yes. A recovery suit can be based on invoices, a running account, delivery challans and correspondence even without a formal signed contract, though it proceeds as an ordinary suit rather than a summary suit. The summary-suit route under Order XXXVII is available only where the debt arises on a written contract, an enactment or a negotiable instrument.
What can I do if the debtor is hiding or moving assets?
If you can show the debtor is likely to dispose of or remove property to defeat a decree, you can apply for attachment before judgment under Order XXXVIII of the CPC, which freezes the assets during the suit. After you obtain a decree, execution proceedings allow attachment and sale of property, garnishee action against the debtor bank, and other recovery measures the law permits.
Verify Everything

Official Sources & Legal References

Every legal reference on this page — procedure, limitation and jurisdiction — is drawn from primary law and official government sources. Verify them directly:

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